{
  "schema_version": "0.2.0",
  "generated_at": "2026-07-14T14:13:38Z",
  "records": [
    {
      "schema_version": "0.1.0",
      "id": "market-mi-large-load",
      "state": "MI",
      "commission_id": "commission-mi-mpsc",
      "title": "Michigan",
      "slug": "michigan",
      "framework": "utility_terms_and_special_contracts",
      "status": "final_order_with_follow_up",
      "current_position": "Consumers terms approved; DTE tariff follow-up ordered",
      "tracked_matters": [
        "U-21859",
        "U-21990"
      ],
      "utility_ids": [
        "utility-consumers-energy",
        "utility-dte-electric"
      ],
      "summary": "The MPSC approved Consumers Energy terms for data centers and other very large customers, including a 100 MW threshold, 15-year contract, and 80 percent minimum billing demand. It separately approved a DTE data-center contract with safeguards and directed DTE to file a large-load tariff.",
      "investor_takeaway": "Michigan is developing through utility-specific terms and contracts, with Consumers already operating under approved provisions and DTE still moving toward a generally applicable tariff.",
      "key_terms": [
        {
          "label": "Consumers threshold",
          "value": "100 MW individual or aggregate",
          "source_id": "source-market-mi-consumers-u21859"
        },
        {
          "label": "Consumers contract",
          "value": "15 years",
          "source_id": "source-market-mi-consumers-u21859"
        },
        {
          "label": "Consumers minimum demand",
          "value": "80 percent",
          "source_id": "source-market-mi-consumers-u21859"
        },
        {
          "label": "DTE project structure",
          "value": "Special contracts · general tariff ordered",
          "source_id": "source-market-mi-dte-u21990"
        }
      ],
      "actions": [
        {
          "id": "action-mi-consumers-large-load-terms",
          "scope": "utility",
          "action_type": "utility_tariff",
          "title": "Consumers Energy Rate GPD large-load provisions",
          "utility_id": "utility-consumers-energy",
          "docket_number": "U-21859",
          "status": "effective",
          "effective_date": "2025-11-07",
          "summary": "Consumers Energy's generally applicable provisions combine a long term, guaranteed minimum billing, an exit fee, default collateral, and project-specific Commission review.",
          "source_ids": [
            "source-market-mi-consumers-u21859",
            "source-market-mi-consumers-annual-report"
          ],
          "provisions": [
            {
              "category": "eligibility_threshold",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "100 MW individual or aggregate",
              "detail": "Aggregation includes commonly owned sites of at least 20 MW within the utility's service territory.",
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-consumers-u21859"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_payment",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "80% of contracted demand",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-consumers-u21859"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_contract_term",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "15 years",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-consumers-u21859"
            },
            {
              "category": "credit_collateral",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "Default collateral equals 50% of the exit fee",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-consumers-annual-report"
            },
            {
              "category": "exit_fee",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "Remaining minimum bill plus system access charges",
              "detail": "The tariff multiplies the applicable monthly minimum obligations by the months remaining in the contract term.",
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-consumers-annual-report"
            },
            {
              "category": "infrastructure_cost_responsibility",
              "status": "conditional",
              "value": "$100,000 study fee reconciled to actual cost",
              "detail": "Each new large-load customer also requires a Commission filing to demonstrate that customer-caused costs are appropriately assigned.",
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-consumers-annual-report"
            },
            {
              "category": "generation_resource_costs",
              "status": "not_identified",
              "value": "Not identified in reviewed Consumers Energy sources",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-consumers-annual-report"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "action-mi-dte-special-contracts",
          "scope": "utility",
          "action_type": "special_contract",
          "title": "DTE Electric 1,383 MW data-center special contracts",
          "utility_id": "utility-dte-electric",
          "docket_number": "U-21990",
          "status": "adopted",
          "effective_date": null,
          "summary": "The MPSC conditionally approved project-specific supply and storage contracts with longer payment protection, early-termination charges, collateral, and customer-funded storage resources.",
          "source_ids": [
            "source-market-mi-dte-u21990",
            "source-market-mi-consumer-protections"
          ],
          "provisions": [
            {
              "category": "eligibility_threshold",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "1,383 MW project-specific load",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-dte-u21990"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_payment",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "80% of contracted demand",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-dte-u21990"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_contract_term",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "19 years",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-dte-u21990"
            },
            {
              "category": "credit_collateral",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "Upfront collateral required · public summary does not quantify",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-consumer-protections"
            },
            {
              "category": "exit_fee",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "Up to 10 years of minimum-demand charges",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-dte-u21990"
            },
            {
              "category": "infrastructure_cost_responsibility",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "DTE bears service costs it cannot recover from the customer",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-dte-u21990"
            },
            {
              "category": "generation_resource_costs",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "Customer fully funds approximately 1,400 MW of storage",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-mi-consumer-protections"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "next_watch": {
        "title": "DTE generally applicable tariff",
        "detail": "The December 2025 order directed DTE to file a large-load tariff. Ratebase has not yet published a reviewed disposition of that follow-up.",
        "source_id": "source-market-mi-dte-u21990"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "source-market-mi-consumers-u21859",
          "type": "commission_press_release",
          "title": "MPSC approves Consumers Energy large-load terms",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/commission/news-releases/2025/11/06/mpsc-approves-terms-of-service-between-consumers-energy-and-data-centers",
          "document_date": "2025-11-06",
          "page": null,
          "excerpt": "The approved terms apply at 100 MW, require a 15-year contract, and set an 80 percent minimum billing demand with additional exit protections.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        },
        {
          "id": "source-market-mi-dte-u21990",
          "type": "commission_press_release",
          "title": "MPSC approves DTE data-center contracts with conditions",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/commission/events/2025/12/18/~/link.aspx?_id=5F5E5CA34D71466696AB507F9571E9FC&_z=z",
          "document_date": "2025-12-18",
          "page": null,
          "excerpt": "The MPSC approved special contracts with safeguards and directed DTE to file a large-load customer tariff within 90 days.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        },
        {
          "id": "source-market-mi-consumers-annual-report",
          "type": "commission_order",
          "title": "MPSC 2025 Annual Report — Consumers large-load protections",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/-/media/Project/Websites/mpsc/regulatory/reports/annual/MPSC_2025_Annual_Report.pdf",
          "document_date": "2026-03-02",
          "page": 42,
          "excerpt": "The report identifies the fifteen-year term, 80 percent minimum bill, exit fee, and default collateral equal to half the exit fee.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        },
        {
          "id": "source-market-mi-consumer-protections",
          "type": "commission_press_release",
          "title": "MPSC explains Consumers and DTE data-center protections",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/commission/news-releases/2026/01/27/mpsc-podcast-explores-data-center-issues-consumer-protections",
          "document_date": "2026-01-27",
          "page": null,
          "excerpt": "The MPSC describes credit and collateral safeguards and the DTE customer's commitment to fully fund nearly 1,400 MW of storage.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        }
      ],
      "last_verified_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
      "review": {
        "status": "approved",
        "notes": "Consumers and DTE are kept distinct because one has approved general terms while the other began with a project-specific contract and follow-up order."
      },
      "display": {
        "commission_name": "Michigan Public Service Commission",
        "utility_names": [
          "Consumers Energy",
          "DTE Electric"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "schema_version": "0.1.0",
      "id": "market-nj-large-load",
      "state": "NJ",
      "commission_id": "commission-nj-bpu",
      "title": "New Jersey",
      "slug": "new-jersey",
      "framework": "utility_specific_tariff",
      "status": "effective",
      "current_position": "Utility-specific precedent; no statewide model tariff",
      "tracked_matters": [
        "ER25060374"
      ],
      "utility_ids": [
        "utility-rockland-electric"
      ],
      "summary": "Rockland Electric's effective SC7 tariff includes a High Voltage Distribution option originally approved to facilitate a 25 MW data center in Mahwah. It is a utility-specific delivery rate, not a statewide large-load framework.",
      "investor_takeaway": "New Jersey has a real large-load tariff precedent, but coverage remains utility-by-utility and does not yet carry Pennsylvania-style statewide terms.",
      "key_terms": [
        {
          "label": "Reviewed utility",
          "value": "Rockland Electric only",
          "source_id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-order"
        },
        {
          "label": "Current SC7 threshold",
          "value": "1 MW minimum demand",
          "source_id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-current-order"
        },
        {
          "label": "Original project",
          "value": "25 MW Mahwah data center",
          "source_id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-order"
        },
        {
          "label": "Regulatory scope",
          "value": "Utility tariff · not statewide",
          "source_id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-order"
        }
      ],
      "actions": [
        {
          "id": "action-nj-rockland-sc7",
          "scope": "utility",
          "action_type": "utility_tariff",
          "title": "Rockland Electric SC7 High Voltage Distribution",
          "utility_id": "utility-rockland-electric",
          "docket_number": "ER25060374",
          "status": "effective",
          "effective_date": "2026-07-01",
          "summary": "The BPU-approved SC7 option is a delivery tariff for qualifying Rockland Electric customers. It is the reviewed New Jersey precedent, not a statewide large-load customer-protection framework.",
          "source_ids": [
            "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-order",
            "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-current-order"
          ],
          "provisions": [
            {
              "category": "eligibility_threshold",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "1 MW minimum demand",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-current-order"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_payment",
              "status": "not_identified",
              "value": "Not identified in reviewed SC7 sources",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-current-order"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_contract_term",
              "status": "not_identified",
              "value": "Not identified in reviewed SC7 sources",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-current-order"
            },
            {
              "category": "credit_collateral",
              "status": "not_identified",
              "value": "Not identified in reviewed SC7 sources",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-current-order"
            },
            {
              "category": "exit_fee",
              "status": "not_identified",
              "value": "Not identified in reviewed SC7 sources",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-current-order"
            },
            {
              "category": "infrastructure_cost_responsibility",
              "status": "not_identified",
              "value": "Not identified in reviewed SC7 sources",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-current-order"
            },
            {
              "category": "generation_resource_costs",
              "status": "not_identified",
              "value": "Not identified in reviewed SC7 sources",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-current-order"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "next_watch": {
        "title": "Other New Jersey electric utilities",
        "detail": "Expansion must be established utility by utility through BPU-approved tariffs; Ratebase does not infer statewide coverage from Rockland's SC7.",
        "source_id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-order"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-order",
          "type": "commission_order",
          "title": "BPU order establishing Rockland SC7 High Voltage Distribution",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/bpu/pdf/boardorders/2008/9-12-08-2D.pdf",
          "document_date": "2008-09-12",
          "page": 1,
          "excerpt": "The BPU described the high-voltage option developed for a 25 MW Mahwah data center and made it available to qualifying future customers.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        },
        {
          "id": "source-market-nj-rockland-sc7-current-order",
          "type": "commission_order",
          "title": "Rockland 2026 base-rate order — current SC7 eligibility",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/bpu/pdf/boardorders/2026/20260630/2D%20ORDER%20RECO%20Base%20Rate%20Case.pdf",
          "document_date": "2026-06-30",
          "page": 80,
          "excerpt": "The approved tariff applies High Voltage Distribution service to customers with a minimum demand of 1,000 kW, subject to Company designation and availability where conditions merit.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        }
      ],
      "last_verified_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
      "review": {
        "status": "approved",
        "notes": "Current SC7 eligibility and rates remain in the detailed Rockland tariff record; no statewide New Jersey framework is inferred."
      },
      "display": {
        "commission_name": "New Jersey Board of Public Utilities",
        "utility_names": [
          "Rockland Electric"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "schema_version": "0.1.0",
      "id": "market-oh-large-load",
      "state": "OH",
      "commission_id": "commission-oh-puco",
      "title": "Ohio",
      "slug": "ohio",
      "framework": "utility_specific_tariff",
      "status": "effective",
      "current_position": "AEP Ohio data-center tariff approved and in use",
      "tracked_matters": [
        "24-0508-EL-ATA"
      ],
      "utility_ids": [
        "utility-aep-ohio"
      ],
      "summary": "PUCO approved a settlement directing AEP Ohio to file data-center tariffs and lift its connection moratorium. AEP Ohio subsequently reported binding contracts under the tariff, confirming that the utility-specific framework is in operation.",
      "investor_takeaway": "Ohio has an implemented AEP Ohio tariff, but it is a utility-specific model rather than a statewide rule applying to every electric distribution company.",
      "key_terms": [
        {
          "label": "Schedule DCT threshold",
          "value": "More than 25 MW",
          "source_id": "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page"
        },
        {
          "label": "Load ramp",
          "value": "Up to 4 years",
          "source_id": "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page"
        },
        {
          "label": "Standard term",
          "value": "Ramp period plus 8 years",
          "source_id": "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minimum demand",
          "value": "Sliding scale · capped at 85 percent",
          "source_id": "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page"
        }
      ],
      "actions": [
        {
          "id": "action-oh-aep-schedule-dct",
          "scope": "utility",
          "action_type": "utility_tariff",
          "title": "AEP Ohio Schedule DCT",
          "utility_id": "utility-aep-ohio",
          "docket_number": "24-0508-EL-ATA",
          "status": "effective",
          "effective_date": "2025-07-23",
          "summary": "AEP Ohio's operating data-center tariff combines minimum-demand billing, a long service term, an exit payment, and a credit test that can require collateral covering half of minimum charges for the full contract term.",
          "source_ids": [
            "source-market-oh-puco-aep-order-release",
            "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page",
            "source-market-oh-aep-tariff-update"
          ],
          "provisions": [
            {
              "category": "eligibility_threshold",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "More than 25 MW",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_payment",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "85% above the first 25 MW · 100% above 75 MW",
              "detail": "The tariff uses a tiered formula rather than one flat percentage for the customer's full contract capacity.",
              "source_id": "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_contract_term",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "Load-ramp period plus 8 years",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page"
            },
            {
              "category": "credit_collateral",
              "status": "conditional",
              "value": "50% of total minimum charges for the full contract term",
              "detail": "Collateral is waived only if the customer meets both the specified A-/A3 ratings and the liquidity test exceeding ten times the collateral requirement.",
              "source_id": "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page"
            },
            {
              "category": "exit_fee",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "36 months of minimum charges after year five",
              "detail": "The reviewed tariff summary permits termination after the fifth post-ramp contract year upon payment of the stated exit charge.",
              "source_id": "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page"
            },
            {
              "category": "infrastructure_cost_responsibility",
              "status": "conditional",
              "value": "Tiered study fees; full upgrade security is project-specific",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page"
            },
            {
              "category": "generation_resource_costs",
              "status": "not_identified",
              "value": "Not identified in reviewed AEP Ohio sources",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "next_watch": {
        "title": "Contracted-load conversion",
        "detail": "AEP Ohio reported 5,642 MW under binding tariff contracts in February 2026; track later study tranches and additional signed contracts.",
        "source_id": "source-market-oh-aep-tariff-update"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "source-market-oh-puco-aep-order-release",
          "type": "commission_press_release",
          "title": "PUCO orders AEP Ohio to create data-center tariff",
          "url": "https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/OHPUC/bulletins/3e8bb79",
          "document_date": "2025-07-09",
          "page": null,
          "excerpt": "PUCO adopted a settlement and directed AEP Ohio to file data-center tariffs and lift its moratorium on new connections.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        },
        {
          "id": "source-market-oh-aep-tariff-update",
          "type": "utility_webpage",
          "title": "AEP Ohio reports contracts under its data-center tariff",
          "url": "https://www.aepohio.com/company/news/view?releaseID=10753",
          "document_date": "2026-02-13",
          "page": null,
          "excerpt": "AEP Ohio reported signed binding contracts under the tariff and stated that PUCO had approved the tariff in summer 2025.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        },
        {
          "id": "source-market-oh-aep-dct-page",
          "type": "utility_webpage",
          "title": "AEP Ohio Schedule DCT overview and current process",
          "url": "https://www.aepohio.com/company/about/rates/data-center-tariff/",
          "document_date": null,
          "page": null,
          "excerpt": "AEP Ohio describes Schedule DCT eligibility above 25 MW, a load ramp of up to four years, an eight-year post-ramp term, minimum demand charges, collateral, and exit-fee requirements.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        }
      ],
      "last_verified_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
      "review": {
        "status": "approved",
        "notes": "The utility reference now includes AEP Ohio. This record remains scoped to AEP Ohio and does not imply a statewide Ohio tariff."
      },
      "display": {
        "commission_name": "Public Utilities Commission of Ohio",
        "utility_names": [
          "AEP Ohio"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "schema_version": "0.1.0",
      "id": "market-pa-large-load",
      "state": "PA",
      "commission_id": "commission-pa-puc",
      "title": "Pennsylvania",
      "slug": "pennsylvania",
      "framework": "statewide_model_tariff",
      "status": "final_order_with_follow_up",
      "current_position": "Statewide model tariff with utility-specific implementation",
      "tracked_matters": [
        "M-2025-3054271"
      ],
      "utility_ids": [
        "utility-ppl-electric",
        "utility-duquesne-light",
        "utility-ugi-electric",
        "utility-peco-electric"
      ],
      "summary": "The PA PUC adopted a statewide model tariff for new or incremental loads at or above 50 MW individually or 100 MW in aggregate. The model sets a common baseline, but enforceable service terms still require utility-specific tariff filings and Commission approval.",
      "investor_takeaway": "Pennsylvania has the broadest statewide framework in Ratebase coverage, with the remaining implementation work moving to individual electric utilities.",
      "key_terms": [
        {
          "label": "Coverage trigger",
          "value": "50 MW single site · 100 MW aggregate",
          "source_id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
        },
        {
          "label": "Model contract",
          "value": "5+ years after a 3–5 year ramp",
          "source_id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
        },
        {
          "label": "Model minimum demand",
          "value": "80 percent",
          "source_id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
        },
        {
          "label": "Study target",
          "value": "6 months",
          "source_id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
        }
      ],
      "actions": [
        {
          "id": "action-pa-statewide-model-tariff",
          "scope": "statewide",
          "action_type": "model_tariff",
          "title": "PA PUC statewide model large-load tariff",
          "utility_id": null,
          "docket_number": "M-2025-3054271",
          "status": "adopted",
          "effective_date": null,
          "summary": "The Commission adopted a common baseline for utility filings. The model is not self-executing; each electric distribution company must obtain approval for its enforceable tariff.",
          "source_ids": [
            "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
          ],
          "provisions": [
            {
              "category": "eligibility_threshold",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "50 MW single site · 100 MW aggregate",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_payment",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "80% of contracted demand",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_contract_term",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "5+ years after a 3–5 year ramp",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
            },
            {
              "category": "credit_collateral",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "Network and interconnection costs",
              "detail": "Collateral should fully cover network improvements and interconnection facilities, declining as construction and load-ramp milestones reduce the remaining exposure.",
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
            },
            {
              "category": "exit_fee",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "Unrecovered facilities cost or remaining minimum charges",
              "detail": "The model uses the greater of the unrecovered network and interconnection cost or remaining minimum charges, subject to the specified one-to-five-year exit-fee period.",
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
            },
            {
              "category": "infrastructure_cost_responsibility",
              "status": "implementation_pending",
              "value": "Utility-specific filing required",
              "detail": "The model allocates customer-caused facilities and upgrade risk to the large-load customer, but enforceable mechanics depend on each approved utility tariff.",
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
            },
            {
              "category": "generation_resource_costs",
              "status": "not_identified",
              "value": "Not identified in the reviewed statewide model",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "action-pa-ppl-lp6",
          "scope": "utility",
          "action_type": "utility_tariff",
          "title": "PPL Electric Rate Schedule LP-6",
          "utility_id": "utility-ppl-electric",
          "docket_number": "R-2025-3057164",
          "status": "effective",
          "effective_date": "2026-07-01",
          "summary": "PPL Electric's approved LP-6 schedule is an enforceable utility tariff with staged minimum-demand obligations, upgrade security, an exit fee, and advance payment for directly assigned facilities.",
          "source_ids": [
            "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-order",
            "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-eligibility",
            "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-terms"
          ],
          "provisions": [
            {
              "category": "eligibility_threshold",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "50 MW single site · 75 MW aggregate within 10 miles",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-eligibility"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_payment",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "Firm 80% then 50% · interruptible 60% then 30%",
              "detail": "Minimum-demand percentages step down after years one through five of the service agreement.",
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-terms"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_contract_term",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "10 years",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-terms"
            },
            {
              "category": "credit_collateral",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "Security equal to rate-base cost of required upgrades",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-terms"
            },
            {
              "category": "exit_fee",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "Greater of remaining minimum-load obligation or security obligation",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-terms"
            },
            {
              "category": "infrastructure_cost_responsibility",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "Advance milestone payments for directly assigned upgrades",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-terms"
            },
            {
              "category": "generation_resource_costs",
              "status": "not_identified",
              "value": "Not identified in the reviewed LP-6 sources",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-terms"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "next_watch": {
        "title": "Utility-specific tariff implementation",
        "detail": "The model is not self-executing. Track each electric distribution company's filing and Commission approval for the enforceable customer terms.",
        "source_id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "source-market-pa-model-tariff-order",
          "type": "commission_order",
          "title": "Pennsylvania large-load model tariff final order and appendix",
          "url": "https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/secure/pabulletin/data/vol56/56-22/56_22_not.pdf",
          "document_date": "2026-05-12",
          "page": 147,
          "excerpt": "The Commission adopted the model tariff at 50 MW individually or 100 MW in aggregate, with utility-specific tariffs still requiring approval.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        },
        {
          "id": "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-order",
          "type": "commission_order",
          "title": "PPL Electric final opinion and order",
          "url": "https://www.puc.pa.gov/pcdocs/1934703.pdf",
          "document_date": "2026-06-11",
          "page": 228,
          "excerpt": "The Commission authorized compliant tariff supplements for service on and after July 1, 2026.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        },
        {
          "id": "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-eligibility",
          "type": "commission_filing",
          "title": "PPL Electric compliance tariff — LP-6 eligibility",
          "url": "https://www.puc.pa.gov/pcdocs/1937729.pdf",
          "document_date": "2026-06-30",
          "page": 114,
          "excerpt": "LP-6 applies at 69 kV or above to at least 50 MW at one facility or 75 MW in aggregate within a 10-mile radius, subject to the stated exception.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        },
        {
          "id": "source-market-pa-ppl-lp6-terms",
          "type": "commission_filing",
          "title": "PPL Electric compliance tariff — LP-6 service terms",
          "url": "https://www.puc.pa.gov/pcdocs/1937729.pdf",
          "document_date": "2026-06-30",
          "page": 115,
          "excerpt": "LP-6 requires a ten-year term, minimum-demand payments, upgrade security, an exit fee, and advance payments for directly assigned upgrades.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        }
      ],
      "last_verified_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
      "review": {
        "status": "approved",
        "notes": "State overview derived from the reviewed PA policy record; detailed terms remain in the separate policy and utility coverage records."
      },
      "display": {
        "commission_name": "Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission",
        "utility_names": [
          "PPL Electric",
          "Duquesne Light",
          "UGI Electric",
          "PECO Electric"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "schema_version": "0.1.0",
      "id": "market-tx-large-load",
      "state": "TX",
      "commission_id": "commission-tx-puct",
      "title": "Texas",
      "slug": "texas",
      "framework": "grid_interconnection_rules",
      "status": "active_implementation",
      "current_position": "ERCOT interconnection rules plus Batch Zero study process",
      "tracked_matters": [
        "NPRR1234",
        "NPRR1325",
        "PGRR145"
      ],
      "utility_ids": [
        "utility-oncor"
      ],
      "summary": "PUCT-approved ERCOT rules establish modeling and interconnection requirements for large loads, including visibility standards beginning at 25 MW. The newer Batch Zero process studies qualified projects of 75 MW or more together and is now moving through applicant classification and transmission planning.",
      "investor_takeaway": "Texas is primarily a grid-access and transmission-planning story rather than a single retail tariff proceeding, so ERCOT implementation is the key tracker.",
      "key_terms": [
        {
          "label": "Network visibility",
          "value": "25 MW or more",
          "source_id": "source-market-tx-ercot-nprr1234"
        },
        {
          "label": "Batch Zero eligibility",
          "value": "75 MW or more",
          "source_id": "source-market-tx-ercot-batch-zero"
        },
        {
          "label": "Applicant classification",
          "value": "Expected August 2026",
          "source_id": "source-market-tx-ercot-batch-zero"
        },
        {
          "label": "Final transmission plan",
          "value": "Expected fall 2027",
          "source_id": "source-market-tx-ercot-batch-zero"
        }
      ],
      "actions": [
        {
          "id": "action-tx-ercot-large-load-rules",
          "scope": "grid_operator",
          "action_type": "grid_rule",
          "title": "ERCOT large-load interconnection rules and Batch Zero",
          "utility_id": null,
          "docket_number": "NPRR1234 · NPRR1325 · PGRR145",
          "status": "active_implementation",
          "effective_date": null,
          "summary": "Texas is using grid-modeling, interconnection, and transmission-study rules rather than one statewide retail large-load tariff. Retail contract protections therefore cannot be inferred from the ERCOT framework.",
          "source_ids": [
            "source-market-tx-ercot-nprr1234",
            "source-market-tx-ercot-batch-zero"
          ],
          "provisions": [
            {
              "category": "eligibility_threshold",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "25 MW visibility · 75 MW Batch Zero",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-tx-ercot-nprr1234"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_payment",
              "status": "not_applicable",
              "value": "Not a retail-rate provision",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-tx-ercot-nprr1234"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_contract_term",
              "status": "not_applicable",
              "value": "Not a retail-contract provision",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-tx-ercot-nprr1234"
            },
            {
              "category": "credit_collateral",
              "status": "not_applicable",
              "value": "Not established by the reviewed ERCOT rules",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-tx-ercot-nprr1234"
            },
            {
              "category": "exit_fee",
              "status": "not_applicable",
              "value": "Not established by the reviewed ERCOT rules",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-tx-ercot-nprr1234"
            },
            {
              "category": "infrastructure_cost_responsibility",
              "status": "implementation_pending",
              "value": "Batch study identifies transmission needs",
              "detail": "Batch Zero evaluates system capacity and required transmission; it is not itself a statewide retail cost-recovery guarantee.",
              "source_id": "source-market-tx-ercot-batch-zero"
            },
            {
              "category": "generation_resource_costs",
              "status": "not_applicable",
              "value": "Not established by the reviewed ERCOT grid rules",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-tx-ercot-nprr1234"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "next_watch": {
        "title": "Batch Zero applicant classifications",
        "detail": "ERCOT expects to classify projects in August 2026, followed by a final transmission plan in fall 2027.",
        "source_id": "source-market-tx-ercot-batch-zero"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "source-market-tx-ercot-nprr1234",
          "type": "grid_operator_rule",
          "title": "ERCOT NPRR1234 large-load interconnection and modeling requirements",
          "url": "https://www.ercot.com/mktrules/issues/NPRR1234",
          "document_date": "2025-05-15",
          "page": null,
          "excerpt": "PUCT approved the interconnection and modeling requirements, including standards for sites with aggregate peak demand of 25 MW or more.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        },
        {
          "id": "source-market-tx-ercot-batch-zero",
          "type": "grid_operator_webpage",
          "title": "PUCT approves ERCOT Batch Zero process",
          "url": "https://www.ercot.com/news/release/06182026-puct-approves-ercots",
          "document_date": "2026-06-18",
          "page": null,
          "excerpt": "Batch Zero groups qualified large projects of 75 MW or more into one study to assess grid capacity and transmission needs.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        }
      ],
      "last_verified_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
      "review": {
        "status": "approved",
        "notes": "ERCOT rules are tracked as the operative statewide framework; this record does not imply a single Texas retail large-load tariff."
      },
      "display": {
        "commission_name": "Public Utility Commission of Texas",
        "utility_names": [
          "Oncor"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "schema_version": "0.1.0",
      "id": "market-va-large-load",
      "state": "VA",
      "commission_id": "commission-va-scc",
      "title": "Virginia",
      "slug": "virginia",
      "framework": "utility_specific_tariff",
      "status": "approved_pending_effective",
      "current_position": "Dominion GS-5 approved; effective January 1, 2027",
      "tracked_matters": [
        "PUR-2025-00058"
      ],
      "utility_ids": [
        "utility-dominion-energy-virginia"
      ],
      "summary": "The Virginia SCC approved Dominion Energy Virginia's GS-5 class for customers demanding 25 MW or more. Beginning January 1, 2027, covered customers face an 85 percent minimum for contracted distribution and transmission demand and a 60 percent minimum for generation demand.",
      "investor_takeaway": "Virginia has moved beyond a generic policy review to an approved utility rate class with defined minimum-demand protections and a known effective date.",
      "key_terms": [
        {
          "label": "GS-5 threshold",
          "value": "25 MW or more",
          "source_id": "source-market-va-scc-gs5-release"
        },
        {
          "label": "Effective date",
          "value": "January 1, 2027",
          "source_id": "source-market-va-scc-gs5-release"
        },
        {
          "label": "T&D minimum demand",
          "value": "85 percent",
          "source_id": "source-market-va-scc-gs5-release"
        },
        {
          "label": "Generation minimum demand",
          "value": "60 percent",
          "source_id": "source-market-va-scc-gs5-release"
        }
      ],
      "actions": [
        {
          "id": "action-va-dominion-gs5",
          "scope": "utility",
          "action_type": "utility_tariff",
          "title": "Dominion Energy Virginia GS-5 rate class",
          "utility_id": "utility-dominion-energy-virginia",
          "docket_number": "PUR-2025-00058",
          "status": "approved_pending_effective",
          "effective_date": "2027-01-01",
          "summary": "The SCC approved a separate rate class for Dominion's largest customers, pairing minimum monthly charges and long service obligations with conditional collateral intended to reduce cost shifting.",
          "source_ids": [
            "source-market-va-scc-gs5-release",
            "source-market-va-scc-data-center-facts"
          ],
          "provisions": [
            {
              "category": "eligibility_threshold",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "25 MW or more",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-va-scc-gs5-release"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_payment",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "85% T&D · 60% generation demand",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-va-scc-gs5-release"
            },
            {
              "category": "minimum_contract_term",
              "status": "required",
              "value": "At least 14 years",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-va-scc-data-center-facts"
            },
            {
              "category": "credit_collateral",
              "status": "conditional",
              "value": "Up to 60% of minimum charges over the contract term",
              "detail": "The obligation applies to new customers without sufficient credit that contract for service on or after January 1, 2027.",
              "source_id": "source-market-va-scc-data-center-facts"
            },
            {
              "category": "exit_fee",
              "status": "not_identified",
              "value": "Not identified in reviewed SCC summaries",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-va-scc-data-center-facts"
            },
            {
              "category": "infrastructure_cost_responsibility",
              "status": "implementation_pending",
              "value": "Separate cost allocation and interconnection review",
              "detail": "The SCC required separate GS-5 rates and further review of Dominion's large-load interconnection process and cost-allocation proposals.",
              "source_id": "source-market-va-scc-data-center-facts"
            },
            {
              "category": "generation_resource_costs",
              "status": "not_identified",
              "value": "Not identified in reviewed SCC summaries",
              "detail": null,
              "source_id": "source-market-va-scc-data-center-facts"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "next_watch": {
        "title": "GS-5 implementation",
        "detail": "Track Dominion's transition of qualifying new load into GS-5 ahead of the January 1, 2027 effective date.",
        "source_id": "source-market-va-scc-gs5-release"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "source-market-va-scc-gs5-release",
          "type": "commission_press_release",
          "title": "SCC creates GS-5 class for large-scale energy users",
          "url": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/about-the-scc/newsreleases/release/scc-issues-order-on-dev-biennial-review-2025/scc-rules-in-dev-biennial-review-case.html",
          "document_date": "2025-11-25",
          "page": null,
          "excerpt": "The SCC approved GS-5 for customers demanding 25 MW or more, effective January 1, 2027, with minimum demand requirements.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        },
        {
          "id": "source-market-va-scc-data-center-facts",
          "type": "commission_press_release",
          "title": "SCC Data Center Initiatives — Dominion customer safeguards",
          "url": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/about-the-scc/scc-facts/",
          "document_date": "2026-03-05",
          "page": null,
          "excerpt": "The SCC describes a fourteen-year service obligation, 85 percent minimum T&D charges, and collateral of up to 60 percent of minimum contract charges for customers without sufficient credit.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
          "evidence_note": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "reviewed_by": null,
          "extraction_method": null,
          "confidence": null,
          "evidence_grade": null
        }
      ],
      "last_verified_at": "2026-07-14T18:00:00Z",
      "review": {
        "status": "approved",
        "notes": "This state record summarizes the official SCC announcement; detailed GS-5 tariff sheets can be added as a separate utility tariff record."
      },
      "display": {
        "commission_name": "Virginia State Corporation Commission",
        "utility_names": [
          "Dominion Energy Virginia"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}